APPLYING CLASSROOM RULES AND PROCEDURES

Applying Classroom Rules and Procedures

Reinforcement is basically used to motivate an individual to engage in desired behavior again and again, positive reinforcement is a very effective tool that a teacher can use in the classroom to motivate the students to behave well and to make good choices that will have an impact on the student’s life be it at school or outside the classroom. Positive reinforcement implies that an individual student should be rewarded or has positive consequences for making good choices and adhering to class rules and procedures.

“The way positive reinforcement is carried out is more important than the amount.”

-B. F. Skinner

Similarly when students do not follow rules and procedures they should have to face negative consequences. Consequences should not be considered as punishment, as again it is used to bring an increase in desired behavior.  

To be effective all classroom rules and procedures need to have positive and negative consequences, in fact reinforcement whether positive or negative teaches students to take responsibility for their actions. Therefore teachers should carefully plan their reinforcement strategies so that they are successful in promoting positive behaviors in their students.

In my blog I will discuss when and how I will use positive and negative reinforcement strategies for students who are following the rules and procedures in class as well as for those students who are not adhering to class rules and procedure.

Using Positive Reinforcement For Students Who Are Following Rules and Procedures:

The main purpose of positive reinforcement is to motivate students to continue desirable behavior; therefore the reinforcement technique applied by the teacher should be one that reinforces positive behavior and for that the teacher should be aware of what will be motivating for her students, what might work for elementary or primary group of students may not work for middle school or high school group of students. According to Good and Brophy, “If you reward people for things they are already doing by their own volition, then they will begin to decrease their intrinsic motivation. Additionally if students’ attention becomes focused on external rewards as opposed to tasks in which they are engaged, their performance begins to diminish.” So we can say that the reinforcements to be applied should be well thought out by the teacher to get maximum results.

As I will be teaching the primary age group of children, therefore I will plan my positive reinforcement strategies to match the needs of those students. One of the strategies that I plan to applying is the use of verbal and non-verbal acknowledgement of adherence to rules and procedures, for instance non-verbal acknowledgement would be the smiling or nodding of head in approval, when a students raise their hands to answer a question rather tan shouting it out. Verbal cues would include thanking the students for following or respecting rules, sometimes I think it might be a good idea to call the students home and acknowledge his/her positive behavior, this strategy may be particularly helpful in cases of students who have had trouble adhering to rules and procedures in the past.

Using tangible recognition is a great way for reinforcing good behavior with the primary age students, the use of merit points is particularly effective, while doing my research I liked the program Class Dojo, which I think I would like to use with my class, I think the use of the monster icons would attract students and might motivate them to earn points. Giving out stickers to students in acknowledgement of their positive behavior or performance is also another way that I would like to use in my classroom to motivate my students to adhere to classroom rules and procedures. I also think it is important to frequently acknowledge the good behavior of the entire class with statements like, “ thank you for working so well and quietly today”.

Lastly I think that I will study my students to identify their interests so that when they perform well or adhere to rules and procedures I can allow them some time or extra time to do an activity that they enjoy or have an interest in for instance if a student likes art or drawing I can allow them extra time for that or allow them extra time on the iPad or computer center.

Using Appropriate Consequences When Students Are Not Adhering to Classroom Rules and Procedures:

I feel that the most effective way to deal with students who are not adhering to classroom rules and procedures is to use consequences, which requires that a certain privilege or something that is present is taken away, as a consequence of the undesirable behavior of the student. However it is of utmost importance that at the beginning of the school year the teacher should discuss rules and procedures and the consequences of not adhering to these rules with her students and they should collaboratively establish these rules and procedures, this will be helpful because as the students themselves gave an input in making the class rules they will take responsibility for them. Therefore I would like to talk about the acceptable rules and classroom procedures and l would like to make a group contract with my students after that so that everyone is motivated to follow the rules. I will also review or refer to the rules frequently so that they are continuously reinforced in the student’s minds and they remember them. I would also like to share the rules with the parents so I would either send home a copy of the rules or post them on the class website.

I think it is of utmost importance that a teacher uses withitness, a teacher should move around the classroom frequently so that the students are aware of the teacher’s presence.

In my opinion when the student displays initial signs of lack of adherence to rules and procedures the teacher should initially provide non-verbal signals, for instance I would continue teaching the lesson and move closer to the student that is causing the disruption, making eye contact is also helpful it conveys to the student that the his /her inappropriate behavior was noticed by the teacher. If the student continues with inappropriate behavior then I would tap on the student desk or look at the student and shake my head at the student signally my disapproval. Incase the student still continues I will tell the student in close proximity to stop and give them an opportunity to refocus on the lesson. After class I would talk to the student privately and inform them that their behavior was in violation of the classroom rules and procedures, I would also give the student an opportunity to explain his behavior

At times it might be necessary to give students after school detention or inform the parents of the students inappropriate behavior. At times overcorrection may be needed for example if one of the students writes on the desk with markers or crayons he/she will be required to clean not only her desk but five other desks.

Another strategy that I would use in my class for misbehavior is to take away merit points and at times I would also use group consequences, when one students inappropriate behavior will effect the entire class, for example the recess time for the entire class is cut short, this strategy is particularly helpful when several students are behaving inappropriately.

 

"Teaching's hard! You need different skills: positive reinforcement, keeping students from getting bored, commanding their attention in a certain way." - Bill Gates.

My behavioral decision making process flow chart can be viewed here:

Behavior flow chart

Sources:

 J. Marzano, R. (n.d.). The Art and Science of Teaching. Retrieved June 2, 2015, from https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/platform-user-content/prod-copy/get_help_resources/activity_resources/module4/The_Art_and_Science_of_Teaching.pdf  

High Performance Learning Environments

High Performance Learning Environments

“Teachers need to routinely project attitudes, beliefs, expectations, and attributions…that imply that your students share your own enthusiasm for learning. To the extent that you treat your students as if they already are eager learners, they will be more likely to become eager learners.”

                                                                                       - Brophy (1986)

In a classroom where the students see that their teacher is committed to increasing their performance, the students themselves are motivated to do so. Students thrive in a positive learning environment incorporating features that are proven to improve student performance.

In this blog I will be discussing and sharing my opinion on the teaching strategies of three different teachers with special emphasis on the academic expectations, behavioral expectations, and norms and procedures.

Ms. Migdol’s Class (Roller coaster physics):

One of the first points I noted in the video was that the students were independent learners, they knew that they were the problem solvers the teacher is there merely to guide them. The teacher has set high expectations for each student and it has set up the activity execution in such a way that every student is actively participating. These students are applying their knowledge of the subject matter in every way possible and from all aspects. The ‘ chimer’ concept is a great idea, that has a number of benefits; it gives the teacher an idea of where her students are standing concept wise, and secondly it students are listening to each other and learning from each other.

The students have a budget within which they have to operate and execute the roller coaster construction, besides this they have limited material available to them; the rationale behind this is that limited access to the material will allow the student to do critical thinking and improvise. Ms. Migdol say’s, “ The more the constraints the better the problem solvers they become”. The students know what they are doing and it will not be something that they will forget once the project is over , it is knowledge that they have gained and will retain and apply it through out life.

There is great emphasis on communication in Ms. Migdol’s class, the way in which her class operates this necessary for successfully completing the project. Positive behavioral management is obvious from the collaboration and communication skills of these students. They are provided with various opportunities where they listen to the point of views or opinions of their peers, they analyze it and then they put the best of everyone’s ideas in the design. The Individual sketch idea is one such example, all of the students have to sketch a design of the roller coaster and they need to justify or explain the logic behind their design, they have to then sell their idea to their peers. Then they collaboratively make a group sketch and take the best of each individual students ideas and combine them for a successful end result.

The teacher has a system and procedure throughout the activity from beginning till end, the students have to be attentive, alert, they need to display knowledge and understanding of the material, and they have to show respect towards their peers ideas and value their opinions. Ms. Migdol herself is monitoring, questioning the student’s logics and choices, and guiding the students the entire time.

The Chinese Third Grade Math Class:

The video and article both depict the Chinese style of learning and the great stress that the put on Mathematics. The article states that the Chinese student on the average work on Math for 15 hours every week. The Chinese teachers and parents both have extremely high expectations from the students/ children. They place great emphasis on procedural knowledge and are sticklers for rigid practice routines; however very few of these teachers get the opportunity to be able to use math activities that connect to real life situations, they just end up teaching the students the necessary information and the process involved.

The teacher in this video displays high expectations from students, she wants participation of all the students as they collectively say their multiplication tables. There is a great emphasis on memorization of mathematical concepts especially the multiplication tables and the way the teacher has them doing it in her class seems to be a fun way as they are all sort of chanting it, they will probably have know their tables of the tip of their tongues for the rest of their lives.

There seems to be a positive behavioral environment in the class, with all the students participating and interested in the learning process. There is display of procedure as the teacher goes through the math lesson and no one is shouting out the answer you can see raised hands and it is all quite systematic.

Whole Brain Teaching:

The third and last video shows an effective technique for behavioral management and reinforcement strategies for class rules and procedures.

The concept behind this technique is that the most effective way for a student to raise the performance of a student is to stimulate the whole brain; this can be done by teaching them in such a way that they see, they hear, they say, and feel the ( in this case they use gestures), and if the teacher can make the activity fun then it will involve the limbic system which is the portion of the brain that controls the emotional engagement, and thus they will involve all 5 senses and this will result in a life long learning experience.

The video suggests that the teacher holds high academic expectations form her students, they use the all five learning modes as the explain the lesson plans to their peers, which is a great way to learn, it is student to student learning and learning from your peers is an effective mode of gaining knowledge and understanding of material; the teacher in the meanwhile goes around the classroom monitoring the students explaining points to their peer, in this way she gets an idea about how well her students understanding the subject matter.

The ‘Switch’ exercise is a great way to keep all students involved, those who are the listeners and those who are the talkers. This strategy allows the students to switch roles when the teacher calls out, so every student gets an opportunity to be involved in the teaching and the listening process.

This strategy is an effective way to manage student behavior, it reinforces positive behavior in a fun, upbeat and positive environment and I think that it will engage most students if not all.

The video advocates that having the rules displayed on the wall, or on the board, or on a paper is not enough to be effective it needs to be reinforced into the minds of the students time and time again. The students needed to be reminded continuously so the students can grasp the rules and actually implement them.

Setting High Performance Expectations Among My First Grade Students:

All three videos have shown me great strategies that can help me in creating a positive classroom that will be conducive to learning and motivate the students to be high performers.

Ms. Migdol’s class video about roller coaster physics was very impressive and I would want my students to learn in the way her students were, I would want them to be problem solvers and learn to work well in collaboration with one another, and they place value on and honor each others opinions. I would want to promote critical and logical thinking the way Ms. Migdol was doing among her students.

The Chinese math video shows a great way to memorize vocabulary words or key points, it will be especially helpful because I plan to teach young children who learn more through songs and movements.

I think that the whole brain video is a wonderful way to reinforce class rules and procedures and I would definitely want to use that in my class, as the article following the video indicates that with elementary school children the teacher should rehearse the rules three to four times a day so that it stays in the minds of the students. I will do this as I think it is a great way to get the attention of the children and correct the students who are defying the class rule, in a very positive manner requiring the minimum usage of words.

Establishing a positive class environment

ESTABLISHING A POSITIVE CLASS ENVIRONMENT

“The classroom should be an entrance into the world, not an escape from it.”

- John Ciardi

Creating a classroom that has a positive and supportive environment is one of the essential aspects of a teacher’s job. The teacher is responsible for creating a positive climate in her classroom, that promotes social, emotional, as well as academic learning.

Although the teacher plays an important role in creating a positive classroom environment, however she cannot achieve this without the cooperation of the students and the parents; every one collectively works to bring about an environment where they all feel respected, secure, and accepted.

The teacher is the main driving force that can actually set the positive learning environment in the class. She can motivate her students to be successful and achieve their potential. There are lots of ways in which she can do this, but above and foremost I feel it is her relationship with each individual student in her class.

The teacher’s attitude towards her students, how she contributes and helps them grow as learners has a great impact on their academic achievements. Students respond less to teachers who criticize their work often especially in a negative manner, who are inconsistent, and draw attention to student shortcomings. On the other hand teachers that are approachable, friendly, helpful, and supportive; students respond better to them.

Teachers need to convey to her students by her attitude that is concerned about them, and cares about their emotional as well as learning needs. This attitude of the teacher will inspire the students to become better learners and motivate them to follow rules and procedures set by the teacher.

The students should be able to express their problems with their teachers; they should be able to trust the teacher. The teacher needs to listen sincerely and intently to her student’s problems, and reassure them that making mistakes is essential part of the learning process.

A successful classroom is one in which the students are enthusiastic learners, this enthusiasm stems from the teachers themselves.

An educator must set high academic achievement expectations for her students. The students must be made aware that the teacher has high expectations from them. A teacher should never undermine her students and convey negative perceptions; because low teacher expectations results in students not motivated to do their best and perform below their potential. Teachers with high expectations from their students closely monitor the progress of their students; they encourage their students and provide them useful and constructive feedback on their progress. They encourage their students to do critical thinking and take pride in their work.

Professor Hattie author of, ‘Teachers make a Difference’ says:

“Expert teachers are proficient in creating optimal classroom climates for learning, particularly to increase the probability of feedback occurring. They build climates where error is welcomed, where students questioning is high, where engagement is the norm, and where students can gain reputations as effective learners.”

Cultural Diversity in Classrooms

As I mentioned above that building positive student-teacher relationships is the key element of a establishing a positive learning classroom environment. This aspect of teaching becomes even more important in a class that is culturally diverse.

 Cultural diversity is very common in classrooms today; therefore it is important for the teacher to take into consideration the differences in race, ethnicity, sex, disabilities, and socio-economic status of her students when she is planning lessons. The teacher should understand and educate herself about the cultural background of her students, the kind of circumstances they live in, by doing this she will be able to better help her students and motivate them to learn.

It is of essence that a teacher should encourage her students to understand that every individual student has different strengths but collectively they can work together and be successful. The students need to be respectful and tolerant of one another regardless of any differences in their races, ethnicity, color, religion, or socio-economic status.

In order to create a positive culturally diverse classroom the teachers needs to ensure that the differences of all the students are cherished and appreciated as opposed to fearing and judging the students.

Creating a Safe and Respectful Classroom Environment

 

A mutually respectful classroom environment is important for its students to become successful learners. The teacher needs to establish rules in the class that encourage the students to treat each other with the same respect that they expect in return. They should be able to stand for some who is being tormented and is struggling. The students should be encouraged to deal with every one with unconditional positive regard.

For a teacher to promote this she need s to model it her self, children reflect the behavior that they see, therefore it is very important that the teacher models proper behavior and respect towards others.

 “Effective classroom discipline… should be a means of helping students become caring, ethical individuals”

- (Hardin, 2008)

Sources:

Create a successful classroom climate. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.classroom-management-success.org/classroom-climate.html

Create a Respectful Environment to Beat the Bully. (2013, July 7). Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://nobullying.com/create-a-respectful-environment-to-beat-the-bully/

 Incorporating Cultural Diversity in the Classroom. (n.d.). Retrieved May 3, 2015, from http://www.teachersofcolor.com/2009/04/incorporating-cultural-diversity-in-the-classroom/

http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/teaching-diversity-place-begin-0